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{{Персона
|имя = Майкл Стюарт Браун
|оригинал имени = Michael Stuart Brown
|портрет = Mike Brown 2003.jpg
|размер = 220px
|описание = Браун в 2003 г.
|род деятельности = генетик
|дата рождения = 13.04.1941
|место рождения = [[Бруклин]]
|гражданство = [[США]]
|дата смерти =
|место смерти =
|награды и премии = [[Нобелевская премия]] по физиологии и медицине (1985), Национальная научная медаль США (1988)
}}
'''Браун, Майкл Стюарт''' (Brown, Michael Stuart; родился в 1941 г., [[Нью-Йорк]]) - американский генетик.

== Биографические сведения ==
Окончил медицинский факультет Пенсильванского университета в [[Филадельфия|Филадельфии]] (1966 г., степень доктора) и двухгодичную интернатуру в Массачусетсской общей больнице в [[Бостон]]е. Работал затем в Национальном институте артрита и болезней обмена веществ в г. Бетесда, штат Мэриленд, а с 1971 г. — на Юго-Западном медицинском факультете Техасского университета в г. Даллас (с 1977 г. профессор генетики и директор центра наследственных заболеваний).

Приступив в конце 1960-х гг. в тесном сотрудничестве с [[Голдстайн, Джозеф Леонард|Дж. Голдстайном]] к экспериментальным исследованиям нарушений холестеринового обмена, Браун не только сделал ряд крупных открытий в гастроэнтерологии, но и коренным образом изменил научные представления о механизме взаимодействия крови и клеток в организме в целом. Так, он доказал, что в поверхностных структурах клеток тканей имеются специфические рецепторы, ответственные за обмен веществ между этими клетками и кровью; открыл те рецепторы, которые регулируют абсорбцию клетками холестерина из крови; установил, что избыток холестерина в крови есть результат генетического дефекта отсутствия рецепторов этого вида.

В 1985 г. Браун (совместно с Дж. Голдстайном) был удостоен за эти открытия [[Нобелевские Премии|Нобелевской премии]] по физиологии и медицине. Браун — член Национальной АН США, Американской академии искусств и наук, а также многих других национальных и международных научных обществ и организаций.

== Основные научные публикации ==
[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=4366052&query_hl=82&itool=pubmed_docsum] Expression of the familial hypercholesterolemia gene in heterozygotes: mechanism for a dominant disorder in man. Science. 1974 Jul 5;185(4145):61-3.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=212203&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Regulation of the activity of the low density lipoprotein receptor in human fibroblasts. Cell. 1975 Nov;6(3):307-16.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=181140&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Release of low density lipoprotein from its cell surface receptor by sulfated glycosaminoglycans. Cell. 1976 Jan;7(1):85-95.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=174194&query_hl=82&itool=pubmed_docsum] Receptor-mediated control of cholesterol metabolism. Science. 1976 Jan 16;191(4223):150-4.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=184960&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: failure of normal allele to compensate for mutant allele at a regulated genetic locus. Cell. 1976 Oct;9(2):195-203.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=189940&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Analysis of a mutant strain of human fibroblasts with a defect in the internalization of receptor-bound low density lipoprotein. Cell. 1976 Dec;9(4 PT 2):663-74.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=191195&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Role of the coated endocytic vesicle in the uptake of receptor-bound low density lipoprotein in human fibroblasts. Cell. 1977 Mar;10(3):351-64.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=200368&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Genetics of the LDL receptor: evidence that the mutations affecting binding and internalization are allelic. Cell. 1977 Nov;12(3):629-41.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=201867&query_hl=94&itool=pubmed_docsum] A mutation that impairs the ability of lipoprotein receptors to localise in coated pits on the cell surface of human fibroblasts. Nature. 1977 Dec 22-29;270(5639):695-9.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=215316&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Immunocytochemical visualization of coated pits and vesicles in human fibroblasts: relation to low density lipoprotein receptor distribution. Cell. 1978 Nov;15(3):919-33.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=221835&query_hl=94&itool=pubmed_docsum] Coated pits, coated vesicles, and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Nature. 1979 Jun 21;279(5715):679-85

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=6251975&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] LDL receptors in coated vesicles isolated from bovine adrenal cortex: binding sites unmasked by detergent treatment. Cell. 1980 Jul;20(3):829-37.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=6261329&query_hl=82&itool=pubmed_docsum] Regulation of plasma cholesterol by lipoprotein receptors. Science. 1981 May 8;212(4495):628-35.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=6263497&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Monensin interrupts the recycling of low density lipoprotein receptors in human fibroblasts. Cell. 1981 May;24(2):493-502.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=6291781&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Posttranslational processing of the LDL receptor and its genetic disruption in familial hypercholesterolemia. Cell. 1982 Oct;30(3):715-24

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=6823554&query_hl=82&itool=pubmed_docsum] Independent pathways for secretion of cholesterol and apolipoprotein E by macrophages. Science. 1983 Feb 18;219(4586):871-3.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=6299572&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Recycling receptors: the round-trip itinerary of migrant membrane proteins. Cell. 1983 Mar;32(3):663-7

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=6299582&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] The LDL receptor locus in familial hypercholesterolemia: multiple mutations disrupt transport and processing of a membrane receptor. Cell. 1983 Mar;32(3):941-51.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=6147196&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Depletion of intracellular potassium arrests coated pit formation and receptor-mediated endocytosis in fibroblasts. Cell. 1983 May;33(1):273-85

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=6705048&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Increase in membrane cholesterol: a possible trigger for degradation of HMG CoA reductase and crystalloid endoplasmic reticulum in UT-1 cells. Cell. 1984 Apr;36(4):835-45.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=6546784&query_hl=94&itool=pubmed_docsum] Nucleotide sequence of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase, a glycoprotein of endoplasmic reticulum. Nature. 1984 Apr 12-18;308(5960):613-7.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=6327078&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Domain map of the LDL receptor: sequence homology with the epidermal growth factor precursor. Cell. 1984 Jun;37(2):577-85.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=6088070&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] HMG CoA reductase: a negatively regulated gene with unusual promoter and 5' untranslated regions. Cell. 1984 Aug;38(1):275-85.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=6091915&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] The human LDL receptor: a cysteine-rich protein with multiple Alu sequences in its mRNA. Cell. 1984 Nov;39(1):27-38

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=3155573&query_hl=82&itool=pubmed_docsum] Mutation in LDL receptor: Alu-Alu recombination deletes exons encoding transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Science. 1985 Jan 11;227(4683):140-6.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=2988123&query_hl=82&itool=pubmed_docsum] The LDL receptor gene: a mosaic of exons shared with different proteins. Science. 1985 May 17;228(4701):815-22.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=3873704&query_hl=82&itool=pubmed_docsum] Cassette of eight exons shared by genes for LDL receptor and EGF precursor. Science. 1985 May 17;228(4701):893-895

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=3995584&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Membrane-bound domain of HMG CoA reductase is required for sterol-enhanced degradation of the enzyme. Cell. 1985 May;41(1):249-58.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=3924410&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Internalization-defective LDL receptors produced by genes with nonsense and frameshift mutations that truncate the cytoplasmic domain. Cell. 1985 Jul;41(3):735-43.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=3860301&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] 5' end of HMG CoA reductase gene contains sequences responsible for cholesterol-mediated inhibition of transcription. Cell. 1985 Aug;42(1):203-12.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=4033768&query_hl=94&itool=pubmed_docsum] Scavenger cell receptor shared. Nature. 1985 Aug 22-28;316(6030):680-1.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=3513311&query_hl=82&itool=pubmed_docsum] A receptor-mediated pathway for cholesterol homeostasis. Science. 1986 Apr 4;232(4746):34-47.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=3955657&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] The J.D. mutation in familial hypercholesterolemia: amino acid substitution in cytoplasmic domain impedes internalization of LDL receptors Cell. 1986 Apr 11;45(1):15-24.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=3010466&query_hl=82&itool=pubmed_docsum] Deletion in cysteine-rich region of LDL receptor impedes transport to cell surface in WHHL rabbit. Science. 1986 Jun 6;232(4755):1230-7.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=3815525&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Duplication of seven exons in LDL receptor gene caused by Alu-Alu recombination in a subject with familial hypercholesterolemia. Cell. 1987 Mar 13;48(5):827-35.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=3030558&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] 42 bp element from LDL receptor gene confers end-product repression by sterols when inserted into viral TK promoter. Cell. 1987 Mar 27;48(6):1061-9.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=3494949&query_hl=94&itool=pubmed_docsum] Acid-dependent ligand dissociation and recycling of LDL receptor mediated by growth factor homology region. Nature. 1987 Apr 23-29;326(6115):760-765

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=3344433&query_hl=82&itool=pubmed_docsum] Overexpression of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor eliminates LDL from plasma in transgenic mice. Science. 1988 Mar 11;239(4845):1277-81.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=2194674&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Inhibition of purified p21ras farnesyl:protein transferase by Cys-AAX tetrapeptides. Cell. 1990 Jul 13;62(1):81-8.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=2244210&query_hl=82&itool=pubmed_docsum] Diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in mice: prevention by overexpression of LDL receptors. Science. 1990 Nov 30;250(4985):1273-5

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=2018975&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Protein farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase share a common alpha subunit. Cell. 1991 May 3;65(3):429-34.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=1855253&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] cDNA cloning and expression of the peptide-binding beta subunit of rat p21ras farnesyltransferase, the counterpart of yeast DPR1/RAM1. Cell. 1991 Jul 26;66(2):327-34.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=1525821&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Purification of component A of Rab geranylgeranyl transferase: possible identity with the choroideremia gene product. Cell. 1992 Sep 18;70(6):1049-57.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=1423585&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Koch’s postulates for cholesterol. Cell. 1992 Oct 16;71(2):187-8.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=8513495&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] cDNA cloning of component A of Rab geranylgeranyl transferase and demonstration of its role as a Rab escort protein. Cell. 1993 Jun 18;73(6):1091-9

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=8402897&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] SREBP-1, a basic-helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper protein that controls transcription of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene. Cell. 1993 Oct 8;75(1):187-97.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=8124722&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Molecular characterization of a membrane transporter for lactate, pyruvate, and other monocarboxylates: implications for the Cori cycle. Cell. 1994 Mar 11;76(5):865-73.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=8156598&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] SREBP-1, a membrane-bound transcription factor released by sterol-regulated proteolysis. Cell. 1994 Apr 8;77(1):53-62

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=8674110&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Sterol-regulated release of SREBP-2 from cell membranes requires two sequential cleavages, one within a transmembrane segment. Cell. 1996 Jun 28;85(7):1037-46

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=8898195&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Sterol resistance in CHO cells traced to point mutation in SREBP cleavage-activating protein. Cell. 1996 Nov 1;87(3):415-26.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=9150132&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] The SREBP pathway: regulation of cholesterol metabolism by proteolysis of a membrane-bound transcription factor. Cell. 1997 May 2;89(3):331-40.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=10619424&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Transport-dependent proteolysis of SREBP: relocation of site-1 protease from Golgi to ER obviates the need for SREBP transport to Golgi. Cell. 1999 Dec 23;99(7):703-12.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=10693756&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Regulated intramembrane proteolysis: a control mechanism conserved from bacteria to humans. Cell. 2000 Feb 18;100(4):391-8.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=10975522&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Regulated step in cholesterol feedback localized to budding of SCAP from ER membranes. Cell. 2000 Aug 4;102(3):315-23.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=12202038&query_hl=42&itool=pubmed_DocSum] Crucial step in cholesterol homeostasis: sterols promote binding of SCAP to INSIG-1, a membrane protein that facilitates retention of SREBPs in ER. Cell. 2002 Aug 23;110(4):489-500.

== Источники ==
* КЕЭ. Дополнение II. Кол.: 227–228.
* [http://www4.utsouthwestern.edu/moleculargenetics/index.html Юго-западный медицинский центр при Университете Техаса.]
* [http://www4.utsouthwestern.edu/moleculargenetics/pages/brown/lab.html Сайт Департамента молекулярной генетики Брауна и Гольдштейна в Университете Техаса.]

{{ElevenCopyRight|10736|БРАУН Майкл Стюарт}}
[[Категория:Евреи в США/Канаде]]
[[Категория:Учёные по алфавиту]]
[[Категория:Лауреаты Нобелевской премии]]
[[Категория:Члены и члены-корреспонденты Национальной академии наук США]]
[[Категория:Персоналии по алфавиту]]
[[Категория:Лауреаты Нобелевской премии]]
[[Категория:Медицина]]
[[Категория:Local]]

Браун, Майкл Стюарт - История изменений

Л.Гроервейдл в 18:43, 21 августа 2019