Просмотр кода страницы Индивидуальная и групповая помощь евреям во время Холокоста

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[[Image:Sugihara b.jpg|thumb|130px|[[Chiune Sugihara]], the Japanese Consul-General in Kaunas, Lithuania, issued thousands of visas to Jews fleeing Nazi occupied Poland in accordance with Japanese policy.<ref>{{cite book | author = David G. Goodman, Masanori Miyazawa | year = 2000 | page = 112 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=R_PQLj2D1DQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Jews+in+the+Japanese+mind:+the+history+and+uses+of+a+cultural+stereotype#v=onepage&q&f=false | title = Jews in the Japanese mind: the history and uses of a cultural stereotype | publisher = Lexington Books | location =  | isbn = 0739101676}}</ref> The last diplomat to leave Kaunas, Sugihara continued stamping visas from the open window of his departing train.]]
[[Image:Raoul Wallenberg.jpg|thumb|130px|Swedish diplomat [[Raoul Wallenberg]] and his colleagues saved as many as 100,000 Hungarian Jews by providing them with diplomatic passes.]]
[[Image:Aristides20I.jpg|thumb|130px|[[Aristides de Sousa Mendes]], between June 16 and 23, 1940, frantically issued Portuguese visas, free of charge, to over 30,000 refugees seeking to escape the Nazi terror.]]

This is a partial list of '''rescuers''' who helped Jewish people and others to escape from the [[Nazi]] [[the Holocaust|Holocaust]] during [[World War II]], possibly the most well-known among whom was [[Oskar Schindler]].  The list is not exhaustive, concentrating on famous cases, or people who saved the lives of many potential victims.  Since 1963, [[Yad Vashem]], the Holocaust memorial in [[Israel]], has recognized 22,216<ref>http://www1.yadvashem.org/righteous_new/statistics.html</ref> people as [[Righteous among the Nations]] (as of January 1, 2008). The commission, called The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority in Israel, organized by [[Yad Vashem]] and headed by an [[Supreme Court of Israel|Israeli Supreme Court]] justice, has been charged with the duty of awarding people who rescued Jews, the honorary title of the [[Righteous among the Nations]].

==Most prominent examples==
{{see also|List of Righteous among the Nations by country}}
Holocaust rescuers came from many different countries in the world.

===In the Netherlands===

The majority of Dutch were bystanders but approximately ten percent were involved in resistance activities and perhaps a fraction of one percent of those in the resistance took up the dangerous work of trying to hide or otherwise rescue Jews. [[Miep Gies]], the woman who tried to save [[Anne Frank]] and her family, is one of the most famous because of the wide dissemination of ''The Diary of Anne Fran,'' but there were thousands of others, notably [[Geertruida Wijsmuller-Meijer]], who saved many Jewish children, and Dutch consul in [[Lithuania]] [[Jan Zwartendijk]], who saved some 3 000 to 6 0000 people. But also including [[Corrie ten Boom]], industrialist [[Frits Philips]], publisher [[Geert Lubberhuizen]], writer [[Godfried Bomans]], and also Hetty Voute, Gisela Wieberdink, Rut Matthijsen, Piet Meerberg, Heiltje Kooristra, and Ted Leenders, M.J.Bultena in Uithuizen who was hunted and shot to death by the [[Nazi]]s after World War II was over, for helping so many, see commemorative stone on Bultenastraat Uithuizen. 

Books that report on these individuals include the [[Corrie ten Boom]] classic ''The Hiding Place,'' ''No Time for Tears'', the story of Truus Wijsmuller-Meijer, ''The Heart Has Reasons: Holocaust Rescuers and Their Stories of Courage''<ref>http://www.hearthasreasons.com</ref>  by [[Mark Klempner]], ''Rescuers: Portraits of Moral Courage in the Holocaust'' by Malka Drucker, ''Saving the Children'' by Dutch historian Bert Jan Flim, and Miep Gies' own book, ''Remembering Anne Frank.'' Of course, ''The Diary of Anne Frank'' also provides vivid descriptions of the efforts Miep and her husband made to try to help the Frank family survive, and keep their hiding place from being discovered by  the Nazis, as well as from those Dutch who were collaborating with the [[Nazi]]s. These days in Amsterdam, visitor may visit both the Anne Frank House and the Resistance Museum to learn more about efforts the Dutch made to resist the Nazis and to protect those targeted by the Nazis for destruction.

===In Poland===
{{main|Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust}}
Until the end of Communist domination much of [[General Government|German-occupied Poland]]'s Holocaust history was hidden behind the veil of the [[Iron Curtain]]. Poland was the only country where any help provided to a person of Jewish faith or origin was punishable by death, see [[Polish Righteous among the Nations]]. Yet [[Polish Righteous among the Nations|6,195 men and women (more than from any other country in the world) have been recognized]] as rescuers by [[Yad Vashem]] in Israel.<ref>[http://www1.yadvashem.org/yv/en/righteous/statistics.asp]</ref><ref>[http://www.holocaustforgotten.com/yadvashem.htm Yad Vashem - The Righteous Among Nations]</ref> Their real life stories of courage are just beginning to be told.<ref>[http://holocaustforgotten.com/rescuers.htm Holocaust Rescuers - Stories of Courage]</ref> Many of the rescuers were women and children; and teenagers.<ref>[http://holocaustforgotten.com/realcourage Women and Children of Courage]</ref> Poland during the Holocaust of [[World War II]] was under total enemy control, half of Poland was occupied by the Germans including [[General Government]] and [[Reichskommissariat Ostland|Reichskomissariat]]; the other half by the [[Soviet Union|Soviets]], along with the territories of today's [[Belarus]] and [[Ukraine]]. The list of Polish citizens officially recognised as Righteous include 700 names of those who lost their lives while trying to help their Jewish neighbors.<ref>[http://www.holocaustforgotten.com/list.htm List of Poles Killed Helping Jews During the Holocaust]</ref> There were also groups, such as the Polish ''[[Żegota]]'' organization, that took drastic and dangerous steps to rescue victims. [[Witold Pilecki]], a member of [[Armia Krajowa]], the Polish Home Army, organized a resistance movement in Auschwitz from 1940, and [[Jan Karski]] tried to spread word of the Holocaust.

===In Greece===
The Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture writes "One cannot forget the repeated initiatives of the head of the Greek Christian Orthodox Metropolitan See of [[Thessaloniki]], Gennadios, against the deportations, and most of all, the official letter of protest signed in [[Athens]] on March 23, 1943, by [[Archbishop Damaskinos]] of the [[Greek Orthodox Church]], along with 27 prominent leaders of cultural, academic and professional organizations. The document, written in a very sharp language, refers to unbreakable bonds between Christian Orthodox and Jews, identifying them jointly as Greeks, without differentiation. It is noteworthy that such a document is unique in the whole of occupied Europe, in character, content and purpose".<ref name="SephardicStudies2">The Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture, p.2</ref>
The 275 Jews of the island of [[Zakynthos]], however, survived the Holocaust. When the island's mayor, Lucas Κarrer (Λουκάς Καρρέρ), was presented with the German order to hand over a list of Jews, Bishop Chrysostomos returned to the amazed Germans with a list of two names; his and the mayor's. Moreover, the Bishop wrote a letter to Hitler himself stating that the Jews of the island were under his supervision.<ref>[http://israelyesgr.wordpress.com/2010/01/26/%CE%B7-%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B7-%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1-%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD-%CE%B5%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD-%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82-%CE%B6%CE%B1/ Η Απίστευτη Ιστορία των Εβραίων της Ζακύνθου ]</ref> In the meantime the island's population hid every member of the Jewish community. When the island was almost levelled by the great earthquake of 1953, the first relief came from the state of Israel, with a message that read "The Jews of Zakynthos have never forgotten their Mayor or their beloved Bishop and what they did for us."<ref name="Zakynthos">[http://www.ushmm.org/greece/eng/zakyntho.htm Zakynthos:  The Holocaust in Greece], ''United States Holocaust Memorial Museum'', URL accessed April 15, 2006.</ref>
The Jewish community of [[Volos]], one of the most ancient in Greece, has had fewer losses than any other Jewish community in Greece thanks to the timely and dynamic intervention and mobilization of the massive communist-leftist partizan movement of EAM-ELAS ([[National Liberation Front (Greece)]] - [[Greek People's Liberation Army]]) and the successful cooperation of the head of the Greek Christian Orthodox Metropolitan See of [[Demetrias]] Joachim and the chief rabbi of Volos Moses Pesach for the evacuation of Volos from the Jewish people, after the events in Thessaloniki (displacement of the city's Jews to concentration camps). 
[[Princess Alice of Battenberg]] and Greece, who was the wife of [[Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark]] and the mother of [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] and mother-in-law of [[Queen Elizabeth II]] of the [[United Kingdom]] stayed in occupied by the [[Axis powers]] [[Athens]] during the [[Second World War]], sheltering Jewish refugees, for which she is recognised as "[[Righteous Among the Nations]]" at [[Yad Vashem]].
Although the Germans and Bulgarians<ref name="Glenny508">Glenny, p.508</ref> deported a great number of Greek Jews, others were successfully hidden by their Greek neighbours.

===In France===
The French town of [[Le Chambon-sur-Lignon]] sheltered several thousand Jews. The Brazilian diplomat [[Luis Martins de Souza Dantas]] illegally issued Brazilian diplomatic visas to hundreds of Jews in France during the [[Vichy France|Vichy Government]], saving them from almost certain death.

===In Belgium===
In April 1943, members of the Belgian resistance held up the [[twentieth convoy]] train to Auschwitz, and freed 231 people. Several local governments did all they could to slow down or block the registration processes for Jews they were obliged to perform by the [[Nazi]]s. Many people saved children by hiding them away in private houses and boarding schools. Of the approximately 50,000 Jews in Belgium in 1940, about 25,000 were deported—though only about 1,250 survived.[[Marie Emile Taquet|Marie and Emile Taquet]] sheltered Jewish boys in a residential school or home.

===In Denmark===
{{main|Rescue of the Danish Jews}}
The Jewish community in [[Denmark]] remained relatively unaffected by Germany's [[occupation of Denmark]] on April 9, 1940. The Germans allowed the Danish government to remain in office and this cabinet rejected the notion that any "Jewish question" should exist in Denmark. No legislation was passed against Jews and the [[yellow badge]] was not introduced in Denmark. In August 1943, this situation was about to collapse as the Danish government refused to introduce the death penalty as demanded by the Germans following a series of strikes and popular protests. During these events, German diplomat [[Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz]] tipped off Danish politician [[Hans Hedtoft]] that the Danish Jews would be deported to Germany following the collapse of the Danish government. Hedtoft alerted the [[Danish resistance movement|Danish resistance]] and Jewish leaders C.B. Henriques and [[Marcus Melchior]] who urged the community to go into hiding in a service on September 29, 1943. During the following two months, more than 7,500 of Denmark's 8,000 strong Jewish community were [[Rescue of the Danish Jews|ferried to neutral Sweden]] hidden in fishing boats. A small number of Jews were captured by the Germans and shipped to [[Theresienstadt concentration camp|Theresienstadt]]. Danish officials were able to ensure that these prisoners weren't shipped to extermination camps, and Danish [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|Red Cross]] inspections and food packages ensured focus on the Danish Jews. Swedish Count [[Count Folke Bernadotte of Wisborg|Folke Bernadotte]] ensured their [[White Buses|release and transport]] to Denmark in the final days of the war. [[Rescue of the Danish Jews|Denmark]] rescued around 7,500 Jews ''en masse'' in August - October 1943.

===In Bulgaria===
The Nazi-allied government of [[Bulgaria]], led by [[Bogdan Filov]], did fully and actively assist in the Holocaust in the areas of Yugoslav Macedonia and Greece which it occupied. On Passover 1943 Bulgaria rounded up the great majority of Jews in its zones of Greece and Yugoslavia, transported them through Bulgaria, and handed them off to German transport to be taken to Treblinka, where almost all were killed. It did not deport its own 50,000 Jewish citizens, after yielding to pressure from the parliament deputy speaker [[Dimitar Peshev]] and the [[Bulgarian Orthodox Church]]. The Nazi-allied government of [[Bulgaria]], led by [[Dobri Bozhilov]], deported a higher percentage of Jews (from the areas of [[Greece]] and the [[Republic of Macedonia]] that it occupied) to holding camps in Bulgaria and then onto death camps in the north, than did German occupiers in the region.<ref>http://people.virginia.edu/~mjl9g/history1.htm</ref><ref>[http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10006804 The Holocaust in Macedonia: Deportation of Monastir Jewry]</ref> In Bulgarian occupied Greece, the Bulgarian authorities arrested the majority of the Jewish population on Passover 1943.<ref>[http://www.kis.gr/drama_en.html The Official Web Site of KIS, the Central Jewish Council of Greece]</ref><ref>[http://www.kis.gr/xanthi_en.html The Official Web Site of KIS, the Central Jewish Council of Greece]</ref><ref>[http://www.kis.gr/komotini_en.html The Official Web Site of KIS, the Central Jewish Council of Greece]</ref><ref>[http://www.kis.gr/kabala_en.html The Official Web Site of KIS, the Central Jewish Council of Greece]</ref><ref>[http://www.kis.gr/alexandroupolis_en.html The Official Web Site of KIS, the Central Jewish Council of Greece]</ref> The active participation of Bulgaria in the Holocaust however did not extend to its pre-war territory and after various protests by Archbishop Stefan of Sofia and the interference of [[Dimitar Peshev]] the planned deportation of the  Bulgarian Jews (about 50 000) was stopped.

===In Portugal===
Portuguese diplomat in France, [[Aristides de Sousa Mendes]] issued 30,000 visas to Jews and other persecuted minorities, though it cost him his career in 1941, when Portuguese dictator [[António de Oliveira Salazar|Salazar]] forced him out of his job. He died in poverty and in disgrace with the government in 1954; decades of efforts eventually resulted in the clearing of his name and, later, in his posthumously receiving the restoration of his diplomatic honors, a promotion to ambassador, and the national honors of the Cross of Merit and the Order of Liberty. In Hungary, the diplomats [[Carlos de Sampayo Garrido]] and [[Alberto Teixeira Branquinho]] also helped many Jews escape Nazis and their Hungarian allies.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.npl.org/pages/ProgramsExhibits/PressReleases/sl82000.html|title=Spared Lives: The Actions of Three Portuguese Diplomats During World War II |date=August 24, 2000|work=The Newark Public Library|accessdate=2009-07-28}}</ref>

===In Spain===
In [[Franco's Spain]], several diplomats contributed very actively to rescue Jews during the Holocaust. The two most prominent ones were [[Ángel Sanz Briz]] (the Angel of Budapest), who saved around five thousand Hungarian Jews by providing them Spanish passports, and [[Eduardo Propper de Callejón]], who helped thousands of Jews to escape from France to Spain. Other diplomats with a relevant role were Bernardo Rolland de Miota (consul of Spain at Paris), José Rojas Moreno (Embassador at Bucharest), Miguel Ángel de Muguiro (diplomat at the Embassy in Budapest), Sebastián Romero Radigales (Consul at Athens), Julio Palencia Tubau, (diplomat at the Embassy in Sofía), Juan Schwartz Díaz-Flores (Consul at Vienna) and José Ruiz Santaella (diplomat at the Embassy in Berlin).

===In Lithuania===
[[Chiune Sugihara|Chiune Sempo Sugihara]], Japanese Consul-General in Kaunas, Lithuania, 1939–1940, issued thousands of visas to Jews fleeing [[General Government|German-occupied Poland]] in defiance of explicit orders from the Japanese foreign ministry. The last foreign diplomat to leave Kaunas, Sugihara continued stamping visas from the open window of his departing train. After the war, Sugihara was fired from the Japanese foreign service, ostensibly due to downsizing. In 1985, Sugihara’s wife and son received the [[Righteous Among the Nations]] honor in Jerusalem, on behalf of the ailing Sugihara, who died in 1986.
Swedish diplomat [[Raoul Wallenberg]], the Italian [[Giorgio Perlasca]], Chinese consul-general to Austria [[Feng-Shan Ho|Ho Feng Shan]], and others also saved tens of thousands of Jews with fake diplomatic passes.

===In Albania===
[[Albania]] is reputed to have hidden and saved not only all [[History of the Jews in Albania|Albanian Jews]], but also several thousands of Jewish refugees from other countries, including [[Serbia]], [[Greece]], and [[Austria]]. In 1997, Albanian [[Muslim]] Shyqyri Myrto was honored for rescuing Jews, with the [[Anti-Defamation League]]'s ''Courage to Care Award'' presented to his son, Arian Myrto.<ref>[http://www.adl.org/PresRele/HolNa_52/2964_52.asp Adl Commemorates Holocaust Day At City Hall; Honors Albanian Rescuer And Recognizes Jewish Survivor]</ref> In 2006, a plaque honoring the compassion and courage of Albania during the Holocaust was dedicated in Holocaust Memorial Park in [[Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn|Sheepshead Bay]] in [[Brooklyn]], [[New York]], with the Albanian ambassador to the [[United Nations]] in attendance: 
<blockquote>In 1943, the Nazis asked Albanian authorities for a list of the country's Jews. They refused to comply. "Jews were then taken from the cities and hidden in the countryside," Goldfarb explained. "Non-Jewish Albanians would steal identity cards from police stations [for Jews to use]. The underground resistance even warned that anyone who turned in a Jew would be executed." ... "There were actually more Jews in the country after the war than before—thanks to the Albanian traditions of religious tolerance and hospitality."<ref>[http://forward.com/main/article.php?ref=yaffa200606291257 Jewish News, Jewish Newspapers - Forward.com]</ref></blockquote>

===In Finland===
The government of [[Finland]] generally refused to deport Finnish Jews to Germany. It has been said that Finnish government officials told German envoys that "Finland has no Jewish Problem". However, the Secret Police [[Valpo]] secretly slated more than 50 Jews, mostly refugees from Germany and Austria for deportation. After public protests the deportations were officially cancelled but 8 Jews were nevertheless deported in 1942. Moreover, it seems highly likely that Finland deported Soviet POWs, among them a number of Jews. The majority of Finnish Jews however, were protected by the government's co-belligerence with Germany. Their men joined the Finnish army and fought on the front.

===In Italy===
The situation in Italy was somewhat peculiar in that, notwithstanding Mussolini's proclamation against Jews, most Italians had no personal hatred against them. Liliana Picciotto, the historian of the archive of Fondazione Centro di Documentazione Ebraica Contemporanea (Foundation Center for the Contemporary Jewish Documentation) writes that of the 32.300 Jews living in Italy under German occupation, only 8,000 were arrested, whereas 23,500 escaped unharmed. She speculates that the overall percentage of Jews who survived in Italy owed this to the solidarity the persecuted found among the local population.

In Fiume (northern Italy, today Croatian Rijeka), [[Giovanni Palatucci]], after the promulgation of racial laws against Jews in 1938 and at the beginning of war in 1940, as chief of the Foreigners' Office, forged documents and visas to Jews threatened by deportation. He managed to destroy all documented records of the some 5,000 Jewish refugees living in [[Fiume]], issuing them false papers and providing them with funds. Palatucci then sent the refugees to a large internment camp in southern Italy protected by his uncle, Giuseppe Maria Palatucci, the Catholic Bishop of Campagna. Following the 1943 capitulation of Italy, Fiume was occupied by Nazis. Palatucci remained as head of the police administration without real powers. He continued to clandestinely help Jews and maintain contact with the [[Italian resistance movement|Resistance]], until his activities were discovered by the Gestapo. The Swiss Consul to [[Trieste]], a close friend of his, offered him a safe pass to Switzerland, but Giovanni Palatucci sent his young Jewish fiancée instead. Palatucci was arrested on September 13, 1944. He was condemned to death, but the sentence was later commuted to deportation to Dachau, where he died.

Two other Italians distinguished themselves for aiding Jews, though outside of Italy: [[Giorgio Perlasca]], who under the guises of Spanish ambassador in [[Budapest]], was able to put under his protection thousands of Jews and non-Jews destined to concentration camps; and [[Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli]], future Pope John XXIII, assisted many Jews and non-Jews to escape by issuing "transit visas" from the Apostolic Delegation in Istanbul, Turkey, in 1944.

In Rome, some 4,000 Italian Jews and prisoners of war avoided deportation, many of them hidden in safe houses or evacuated from Italy by a resistance group organized by an Irish priest, [[Hugh O'Flaherty]]. Once a Vatican ambassador to Egypt, Haiti, Santo Domingo and Czechoslovakia, Fr. O'Flaherty used his political connections to help secure sanctuary for dispossessed Jews.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.terracetalkireland.com/profiles/hugh.htm |title=Profile of Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty |accessdate=14 November 2008 |author=Mary Gaffney |publisher=Terrace Talk }}</ref>  [[Delia Murphy]], wife of the Irish ambassador, assisted him. While Vatican was on decent terms with Mussolini and the Pope disliked leftists [[Pope Pius XII]] allowed church efforts to use churches and resources to smuggle Jews out. Many priests, including a future Cardinal and future Archbishops, participated. The Vatican also reportedly had an ambassador persuade Franco to allow Jews to flee across the French border with Spain.

On 19 July 1944 the Gestapo rounded up the nearly 2000 Jewish inhabitants of the island of [[Rhodes]], which had been governed by Italy since 1912.  Of the approximately 2,000 Rhodesli Jews who were deported to Auschwitz and elsewhere, only 104 survived.

===In Norway===
{{main|Norwegian Righteous among the Nations}}

===In China===
Between 1933 and 1941, the Chinese city of [[Shanghai]] accepted unconditionally over 30,000 Jewish refugees escaping the Holocaust in Europe, a number greater than those taken in by Canada, New Zealand, South Africa and the British India combined during World War II. Japanese government ensured Jewish safety in China, Japan and Manchuria.<ref>{{cite book | author = David G. Goodman, Masanori Miyazawa | year = 2000 | page = 111 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=R_PQLj2D1DQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Jews+in+the+Japanese+mind:+the+history+and+uses+of+a+cultural+stereotype#v=onepage&q&f=false | title = Jews in the Japanese mind: the history and uses of a cultural stereotype | publisher = Lexington Books | location =  | isbn = 0739101676}}</ref> Japanese Army received Jewish refugees, General [[Hideki Tōjō]] received [[Jewish]] refugees in accordance with Japanese national policy and rejected German protest.<ref name="DavidGGoodman113"/>  After 1941, the occupying Nazi-aligned Japanese ghettoised the Jewish refugees in Shanghai into an area known as the [[Shanghai ghetto]]. Many of the Jewish refugees in Shanghai migrated to the United States and [[Israel]] after 1948 due to the [[Chinese Civil War|Chinese Civil War (1946–1950)]].

==Leaders and diplomats==
*[[Per Anger]] - [[Sweden|Swedish]] diplomat in Budapest who originated the idea of issuing provisional passports to Hungarian Jews to protect them from arrest and deportation to camps. Anger collaborated with [[Raoul Wallenberg]] to save the lives of thousands of Jews.
*[[Władysław Bartoszewski]] - [[Poles|Polish]] [[Żegota]] activist.
*[[Ilustríssimo Dom Roberto de Castro Brandão]] - [[Brazil]]ian diplomat and nobleman (Marquis and Grandee of the Brazilian Empire), who issued diplomatic visas and passports to Jews in [[Marseilles]], France. He was later deported, along with his daughter Maria-Theresa Marchioness Siciliano di Rende and later Lady Pretyman, née de Castro Brandão, and his son, current Brazilian [[Ambassador]], Marquis and Grandee Dom Guy Marie de Castro Brandão, as a diplomatic prisoner in the Rheinhotel Dreesen in Bad Godesberg where Hitler used to go regularly. He stayed there until the end of the war and was exchanged with German soldiers imprisoned by the Allies.
*Count [[Folke Bernadotte]] of Wisborg - [[Swedish people|Swedish]] diplomat, who negotiated the release of 27,000 people (a significant number of which were Jews) to hospitals in [[Sweden]].
*Jacob (Jack) Benardout - British diplomat to [[Dominican Republic]] before and during World War II. Issued numerous Dominican Republic visas to Jews in [[Germany]]. Only 16 Jewish families arrived in the Dominican Republic (the other Jews dispersed to countries along the way, e.g. Britain, America) and so created the Jewish community of the Dominican Republic. [this citation is unsupported by evidence from any other source and should be treated as dubious until further evidence is provided]
*[[Hiram Bingham IV]] - American Vice Consul in [[Marseilles]], France 1940-1941.
*[[José Castellanos Contreras]] - a [[El Salvador|Salvadoran]] army colonel and diplomat who, while working as El Salvador's [[Consul General]] for [[Geneva, Switzerland|Geneva]] from 1942–45, and in conjunction with George Mantello, helped save at least 13,000 [[Central Europe]]an Jews from Nazi persecution by providing them with false papers of Salvadoran nationality.
*[[Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz]] - German diplomatic attaché in [[Denmark]]. Alerted Danish politician [[Hans Hedtoft]] about the imminent German plans deport to Denmark's Jewish community, thus enabling the following [[rescue of the Danish Jews]].
*[[Frank Foley]] - [[British people|British]] [[Secret Intelligence Service|MI6]] agent undercover as a passport officer in [[Berlin]], saved around 10,000 people by issuing forged passports to Britain and the [[British Mandate of Palestine]].
*[[Rafael Leonidas Trujillo]] - [[Dominican dictator]] Promised to receive 100,000 jewish refugees into the Dominican Republic in 1938 when Franklin D. Roosevelt organised an international conference in Evian to discuss the persecution of the jews. Dominican Republic was the only nation accepting jews immigrants after the conference.<ref name="sosuanews.com">http://www.sosuanews.com/index.php?id=1055&article=1</ref>  The DORSA (Dominican Republic Settlement Association) was formed to settle Jews on the northern coast. 5,000 visas were issued but only 645 European Jews reached the settlement.  The refugees were assigned land and cattle and the town of Sosúa was founded.<ref name="sosuanews.com"/> 5000 dollars in gold from Jewish International in New York were paid for each person taken by the Trujillo.<ref name="sosuanews.com"/> Other refugees settled in the capital Santo Domingo.<ref>http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/sosua.html</ref>
*[[Albert Göring]] - [[Germans|German]] businessman (and younger brother of leading Nazi [[Hermann Göring]]) who helped Jews and dissidents survive in Germany
*[[Paul Grüninger]] - [[Swiss (people)|Swiss]] commander of police who provided falsely dated papers to over 3,000 refugees so they could escape [[Austria]] following the [[Anschluss]].
*[[Kiichiro Higuchi]] - Japanese lieutenant general who saved 20,000 Jewish refugees.<ref>{{cite web | title=Sugihara not the only Japanese to save Jewish lives | publisher = [[Asahi shimbun]] | url = http://www.asahi.com/english/TKY201005030206.html |date = 2010-05-04 |accessdate = 2010-10-20}}</ref>
*[[Wilm Hosenfeld]] - German officer who helped pianist [[Wladyslaw Szpilman]], a Polish Jew, among many others.
*Prince [[Constantin Karadja]] - Romanian diplomat, who saved over 51,000 Jews from deportation and extermination, as credited by Yad Vashem in 2005.<ref>[http://berlin.mfa.gov.il/mfm/web/main/document.asp?DocumentID=83056&MissionID=88 The Israeli Government's Official Website, by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs]</ref>
*[[Jan Karski]] - [[Poles|Polish]] emissary of [[Armia Krajowa]] to Western Allies and eye-witness of the Holocaust.
*[[Necdet Kent]] - [[Turkish people|Turkish]] Consul General at [[Marseille]], who granted Turkish citizenship to hundreds of Jews. At one point, he entered an Auschwitz-bound train at enormous personal risk to save 70 Jews, to whom he had granted Turkish citizenship, from deportation.
*[[Zofia Kossak-Szczucka]] - [[Poles|Polish]] founder of [[Zegota]].
*[[Carl Lutz]] - [[Swiss (people)|Swiss]] consul in [[Budapest]], managed to provide safe-conducts for emigration to [[British Mandate of Palestine|Palestine]] to many thousands of Hungarian Jews.
*[[Luis Martins de Souza Dantas]] - [[Brazil]]ian in charge of the Brazilian diplomatic mission in [[France]]. He granted Brazilian visas to several Jews and other minorities persecuted by the Nazis. He was proclaimed as Righteous among the Nations in 2003.<ref>[http://www1.yadvashem.org/about_yad/magazine/magazine_new/mag_31/The%20Righteous%20Among%20Us.html "The Righteous Among Us", Yad Vashem Magazine]</ref>
*[[George Mantello]] (b. George Mandl) - [[El Salvador]]'s honorary consul for [[Hungary]], [[Romania]], and [[Czechoslovakia]] - provided fictive Salvadoran citizenship papers for thousands of Jews and spearheaded a publicity campaign that eventually ended the deportation of Jews from Hungary to Auschwitz.<ref name="rwsl">Rafael Angel Alfaro Pineda. "[http://www.raoulwallenberg.net/?en/press/el-salvador-schindler-s-list.918.htm El Salvador and Schindler's List: A valid comparison]," originally in ''La Prensa Gráfica'' (in Spanish) April 19, 1994, reproduced in English by the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation.</ref><ref name="eshh">[http://www.math.dartmouth.edu/~lamperti/holocaust_hero.html El Salvador's Holocaust Hero]</ref>
*[[Paul V. McNutt]] - [[United States]] [[High Commissioner of the Philippines|High Commissioner]] of the [[Philippines]], 1937–1939, who facilitated the entry of Jewish refugees into the Philippines.<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/233ab/zbaszynmanila/HarrisCysnerZbaszynManila.htm From Zbaszyn to Manila, by Bonnie Harris, 2005]</ref>
*[[Helmuth James Graf von Moltke]] - adviser to the [[Third Reich]] on international law; active in [[Kreisau Circle]] resistance group, sent Jews to safe haven countries.
*[[Delia Murphy]] - wife of Dr. Thomas J. Kiernan, [[Ireland|Irish]] minister in Rome 1941-1946, who worked with [[Hugh O'Flaherty]] and was part of the network that saved the lives of POWs and Jews in the hands of the Gestapo.<ref>[http://www.westernpeople.com/news/story.asp?j=33591 Western People: Roundfort cabaret honours legendary Delia Murphy]</ref>
*[[Giovanni Palatucci]] - [[Italian people|Italian]] police official who saved several thousand.
*[[Giorgio Perlasca]] - [[Italian people|Italian]]. When [[Ángel Sanz Briz]] was ordered to leave Hungary, he falsely claimed to be his substitute and saved some thousands more Jews.
*[[Dimitar Peshev]] - Deputy Speaker of the Bulgarian Parliament.
*[[Frits Philips]] - Dutch industrialist who saved 382 Jews by insisting to the Nazis that they were indispensable employees of [[Philips]].
*[[Witold Pilecki]] - the only person who volunteered to be imprisoned in [[Auschwitz]], organised a resistance inside the camp and as a member of [[Armia Krajowa]] sent the first reports on the camp atrocities to the [[Polish Government in Exile]], from where they were passed to the rest of the [[Western Allies]].
*[[Karl Plagge]] - a major in the [[Wehrmacht]] who issued work permits in order to save almost 1,000 Jews (see ''The Search for Major Plagge: The Nazi Who Saved Jews'', by Michael Good)
*[[Eduardo Propper de Callejón]] - First Secretary in the Spanish embassy in Paris who stamped and signed passports almost non-stop for four days in 1940 to let Jewish refugees escape to Spain and Portugal.
*[[Traian Popovici]] - [[Romania]]n mayor of Cernăuţi ([[Chernivtsi]]) who saved 20,000 Jews of [[Bukovina]].
*[[Manuel L. Quezon]] - President of the [[Commonwealth of the Philippines]], 1935–1941, assisted in resettling Jewish refugees on the island of [[Mindanao]].<ref name=autogenerated1 />
*Florencio Rivas - Consul General of [[Uruguay]] in Germany, who allegedly hid one hundred and fifty Jews during [[Kristallnacht]] and later provided them with passports.<ref>[http://www.elreloj.com/article.php?id=1786 Diplomáticos que salvaron judíos durante el Holocausto | Especiales | Israel en Tiempo de Noticias. Judaismo y Pueblo Judio a diario. El Reloj.com]</ref>
*[[Gilberto Bosques Saldívar]] - General Consul of [[Mexico]] in Marseilles, France. For two years, he issued Mexican visas to around 40,000 Jews and political refugees, allowing them to escape to Mexico and other countries. He was imprisoned by the Nazis in 1943 and released to Mexico in 1944.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-beliefs1-2008dec01,0,4655284.story "Gilberto Bosques Saldívar, the 'Mexican Schindler,' is honored by the Anti-Defamation League", Los Angeles Times, 1 Dec 2008]</ref>
*[[Ángel Sanz Briz]] - [[Spanish people|Spanish]] consul in Hungary. Together with [[Giorgio Perlasca]], he saved more than 5,000 Jews in Budapest by issuing Spanish passports to them.
*[[Abdol-Hossein Sardari]] - Head of Consular affairs at the Iranian Embassy in [[Paris]]. He saved many Iranian Jews and gave 500 blank Iranian passports to an acquaintance of his to be used by non-Iranian Jews in France.
*[[Oskar Schindler]] - [[Germans|German]] businessman whose efforts to save his 1,200 Jewish workers were recounted in the book ''Schindler's Ark'' and the film ''[[Schindler's List]]''.
*[[Eduard Schulte]] - German industrialist, the first to inform the Allies about the mass extermination of Jews.
*[[Irena Sendler]] - [[Poles|Polish]] head of [[Zegota]] children's department who saved 2,500 Jewish children.
*[[Feng-Shan Ho|Ho Feng Shan]] - Chinese Consul in [[Vienna]] who freely issued visas to Jews.
*[[Henryk Slawik]] - [[Poles|Polish]] diplomat who saved 5,000-10,000 people in Budapest, Hungary.
*[[Aristides de Sousa Mendes]] - [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] diplomat in [[Bordeaux]], who signed about 30,000 visas to help Jews and persecuted minorities to escape the [[Nazism|Nazis]] and [[The Holocaust]].
*[[Chiune Sugihara]] - [[Japanese people|Japanese]] consul to Lithuania, 2,140 (mostly Polish) Jews and an unknown number of additional family members were saved by passports, many unauthorized, provided by him in 1940.
*[[Selâhattin Ülkümen]] - [[Turkish people|Turkish]] diplomat who saved the lives of some 42 Jewish Turkish families, more than 200 persons, among a Jewish community of some 2000 after the Germans occupied the island of [[Rhodes]] in 1944.
*[[Raoul Wallenberg]] - [[Swedish people|Swedish]] diplomat. Wallenberg saved the lives of tens of thousands of Jews condemned to certain death by the Nazis during World War II. He disappeared in January 1945 after being imprisoned by the Soviet troops who took control of Budapest.
*[[Nicholas Winton|Sir Nicholas Winton]] - [[British people|British]] stockbroker who organized the Czech [[Kindertransport]] which sent 669 children (most of them Jewish) to foster parents ln England and Sweden from [[Czechoslovakia]] and [[Austria]] after [[Kristallnacht]]. Sir Nicholas has been nominated for the 2008 Nobel Peace Prize.<ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://truthseekerdaily.com/2013/11/surprise-man-finds-audience-full-people-saved-children-nazi-camps-wvideo/|title=Surprise! Man finds himself in audience full of people he saved as children from Nazi camps [W/VIDEO] - See more at: http://truthseekerdaily.com/2013/11/surprise-man-finds-audience-full-people-saved-children-nazi-camps-wvideo/#sthash.XQVlCnFj.dpuf|last= |date=19 Nov 2013|publisher=TruthSeekerDaily|lang=en|accessdate=25/11/2013}}</ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/950403.html ''Haaretz,'' 02/03/08 (accessed 02/03/08)]</ref><ref>[http://www.just-powell.co.uk/winton Winton's Children - Index Page]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://truthseekerdaily.com/2013/11/surprise-man-finds-audience-full-people-saved-children-nazi-camps-wvideo/|title=Surprise! Man finds himself in audience full of people he saved as children from Nazi camps [W/VIDEO] - See more at: http://truthseekerdaily.com/2013/11/surprise-man-finds-audience-full-people-saved-children-nazi-camps-wvideo/#sthash.XQVlCnFj.dpuf|last= |date=19 Nov 2013|publisher=TruthSeekerDaily|lang=en|accessdate=25/11/2013}}</ref>
*[[Namik Kemal Yolga]] -A Vice-Consul at the [[Turkish people|Turkish]] Embassy in Paris who saved numerous Turkish Jews from deportation.
*[[Guelfo Zamboni]] - [[Consul General]] at [[Thessaloniki]] who gave false papers to save the lives of over 300 Jews residing there.
*[[Fumimaro Konoe]] - [[Prime Minister of Japan|Japanese Prime Minister]] who adopted a Japanese national policy to receive Jew refugees.<ref name=DavidGGoodman111>{{cite book | author = David G. Goodman, Masanori Miyazawa | year = 2000 | page = 111  | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=R_PQLj2D1DQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Jews+in+the+Japanese+mind:+the+history+and+uses+of+a+cultural+stereotype#v=onepage&q&f=false  | title = Jews in the Japanese mind: the history and uses of a cultural stereotype  | publisher = Lexington Books  | isbn = 0739101676}}</ref>
*[[Seishirō Itagaki]] - [[Ministry of War of Japan|Japanese Army Minister]] who proposed and adopted a Japanese national policy to receive Jew refugees.<ref name=DavidGGoodman111/>
*[[Hideki Tōjō]] - [[General]] and [[Prime Minister]] of Japan who received [[Jewish]] refugees in Manchuria and rejected German protest.<ref name=DavidGGoodman113>{{cite book | author = David G. Goodman, Masanori Miyazawa | year = 2000 | page = 113 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=R_PQLj2D1DQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Jews+in+the+Japanese+mind:+the+history+and+uses+of+a+cultural+stereotype#v=onepage&q&f=false | title = Jews in the Japanese mind: the history and uses of a cultural stereotype | publisher = Lexington Books | location =  | isbn = 0739101676}}</ref>

==Religious figures==
*Metropolitan Chrysostomos of Zakynthos,<ref>[http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/greece/greece.pdf The Holocaust in Greece]</ref> who, when ordered by the [[Axis powers of World War II|Axis]] occupying forces to submit a list of all Jews on the [[Zakynthos|island]], submitted a document bearing just two names: his own and the Mayor's. [[History of the Jews in Greece#World War II and the Holocaust|Consequently all 275 Zante Jews were saved]].
*[[Archbishop Damaskinos]] - Archbishop of [[Athens]] during the German occupation. He formally protested the deportation of Jews and quietly ordered churches under his jurisdiction to issue fake Christian baptismal certificates to Jews fleeing the Nazis. Thousands of [[Greek Jews]] in and around Athens were thus able to claim that they were Christian and were thus saved.
*[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Utrecht|Archbishop]] [[Johannes de Jong]], later [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]], of [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]], [[Netherlands]], who drew up together with [[Titus Brandsma]] O.Carm. († Dachau, 1942) a letter in which he called for all Catholics to assist persecuted Jews, and in which he openly condemned the Nazi German ''"deportation of our Jewish fellow citizens"'' (From: ''Herderlijk Schrijven'', read from all [[pulpit]]s on Sunday 26 January 1942).
*[[Alfred Delp]] S.J., a Jesuit priest who helped Jews escape to [[Switzerland]] while rector of St. Georg Church in suburban [[Munich]]; also involved with the [[Kreisau Circle]]. Executed February 2, 1945 in Berlin.
*[[Rufino Niccacci]], a [[Franciscan]] friar and priest who sheltered Jewish refugees in [[Assisi]], Italy, from September 1943 through June 1944.
*[[Maximilian Kolbe]] - [[Poles|Polish]] [[Conventual Franciscans|Conventual Franciscan]] friar. During the Second World War, in the friary, Kolbe provided shelter to people from [[Greater Poland]], including 2,000 Jews. He was also active as a radio amateur, vilifying Nazi activities through his reports.
*[[Bernhard Lichtenberg]] - [[Germans|German]] [[Catholic]] [[priest]] at Berlin's Cathedral. Sent to Dachau because he prayed for Jews at Evening Prayer.
*[[Hugh O'Flaherty]] - an [[Irish people|Irish]] Catholic priest who saved about 4,000 Allied soldiers and Jews; known as the "Scarlet Pimpernel of the Vatican". Retold in the film [[The Scarlet and the Black]].
*[[Sára Salkaházi]] - a Hungarian Roman Catholic nun who sheltered approximately 100 Jews in Budapest.
*[[Andrey Sheptytsky]] - [[Metropolitan Archbishop]] of the [[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church]], harbored hundreds of Jews in his residence and in Greek Catholic monasteries. He also issued the pastoral letter, "Thou Shalt Not Kill," to protest Nazi atrocities.
*The Sisters of Social Service, nuns who saved thousands of [[Hungary|Hungarian]] Jews; included [[Sister Sara Salkahazi]], recognized by [[Yad Vashem]] as well as [[beatified]].
*Archbishop Stefan of Sofia - Bishop of Sofia and Exarch of Bulgaria.
*[[André and Magda Trocmé]] - A [[French people|French]] pastor and his wife who led the [[Le Chambon-sur-Lignon]] village movement that saved 3,000-5,000 Jews.
*[[Omelyan Kovch]] - [[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church|Ukrainian Greek Catholic]] priest who was deported to Treblinka camp for helping thousands of Jews. He was canonized by pope John Paul II<ref>http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ковч_Омелян</ref>

==Prominent individuals==

*[[Khaled Abdul-Wahab]] administrator of [[Mahdia]], [[Tunisia]], under German occupation; first [[Arab]] nominated for "Righteous Among the Nations" <ref>
{{cite news   | title = First Arab Nominated for Holocaust Honor  | publisher = [[Associated Press]]   | date = 2007-01-30  | url = http://www.beliefnet.com/story/211/story_21108_1.html  | accessdate =  2007-02-01 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070831213921/http://www.beliefnet.com/story/211/story_21108_1.html |archivedate = 2007-08-31}}</ref>
*Maria Leenderts and Petrus Johannes Jacobus Kleiss, Dutch merchants in her "Selecta Schoenenwinkel" (located at 248 Dierenselaan in Den Haag) with the cooperation of personnel of the "Quick Steps" soccer club (located on the corner of the Hardewijkstraat and the Nijkerklaan in Den Haag) and the pastor of the "Sint Thersia Van Het Kind Jesus Kerk" (located across the street from the Selecta shoe store and on the corner of the Apeldoornselaan and the Dierenselaan) accommodated many Jewish families throughout the war.
*[[Gustav Schröder]] - [[Germans|German]] Captain of the Ocean liner {{SS|St. Louis}} who, in 1939 attempted to find asylum for over 900 Jewish passengers rather than return them to Germany.
*[[Albert Battel]] - a German Wehrmacht officer.
*[[Albert Bedane]] - of [[Jersey]], provided shelter to a Jewish woman, as well as others sought by the German occupiers of the [[Channel Islands]].
*[[Victor Bodson]] helped Jews escape from Germany through an underground escape route in [[Luxembourg]].
*[[Corrie ten Boom]], rescued many Jews in the Netherlands by sheltering them at her home. - was sent to [[Ravensbrück]]
*Stefania Podgorska Burzminski and Helena Podgorska at age 16 and 7 (Helena was her sister), they smuggled out of the ghettos and saved thirteen Jews from the liquidation of the ghettos.
*Sgt.-Major [[Charles Coward]] was an English POW who smuggled over 400 Jews out of [[Monowice|Monowitz]] labour camp.
*[[Miep Gies]], [[Jan Gies]], [[Bep Voskuijl]], [[Victor Kugler]],  and [[Johannes Kleiman]] hid [[Anne Frank]] and seven others in Amsterdam, Netherlands for two years.
*Alexandre Glasberg, Ukrainian-French priest who helped hundreds of French Jews escape deportation.
*[[Friedrich Kellner]], justice inspector, who helped Julius and Lucie Abt, and their infant son, John Peter, escape from [[Laubach]].
*[[Markowa|Stanislaw Kielar]] – two girls from Reisenbach family
*[[Janis Lipke]] from [[Latvia]], protected and hid around 40 Jews from the Nazis in [[Riga]].
*Heralda Luxin, young woman who sheltered Jewish children in her cellar.
*Józef and Stefania Macugowscy, hid six members of the Radza family, and several others, in [[Nowy Korczyn]], Poland.
*Shyqyri Myrto, Albanian rescuer of Jozef Jakoel and his sister Keti.
*[[Dorothea Neff]], [[Austrians|Austrian]] stage actress, who hid her Jewish friend Lilli Schiff.
*[[Algoth Niska]] [[Finnish people|Finnish]] gentleman rogue and alcohol smuggler; smuggled Jews via the Baltic.
*[[Irene Gut Opdyke]], [[Poles|Polish]] hid twelve Jews in a German Major's basement.
*[[Jaap Penraat]] - [[Dutch people|Dutch]] architect who forged identity cards for Jews and helped many escape to [[Spain]].
*[[Nicolaus Rossini]], helped many Jewish orphans - was executed in [[Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp|Kraków-Płaszów]].
*[[Irena Sendler]], Polish social worker who saved about 2500 Jewish children from the [[Warsaw Ghetto]].
*[[Suzanne Spaak]], wealthy socialite who saved Jewish children in France.
*Marie Taquet-Martens and Major Emile Taquet hid some seventy-five Jewish children in a home for disabled children they were running in Jamoigne-sur-Semois, [[Belgium]].
*[[Ilse Stanley|Ilse (Davidsohn Intrator) Stanley]], herself a German Jew living in Germany until 1939, made many trips to German concentration camps and secured the release of 412 people.  After [[Kristallnacht]] when she could no longer make those trips, she continued helping German Jews leave the country legally, until her own departure in 1939.
*Hetty Voute, part of the Utrechtse Kindercomite in the Netherlands that rescued hundreds of Jews. Her oral history is found in the book ''The Heart Has Reasons: Holocaust Rescuers and Their Stories of Courage'' by Mark Klempner
*[[Gabrielle Weidner]] and [[Johan Hendrik Weidner]], escape network rescued 800 Jews.
*Bertha Marx and Eugen Marx assisted in saving Jews through the Resistance forces.
*JUDr Rudolf Štursa, a lawyer, and Jan Martin Vochoč, an Old Catholic priest, in Prague baptized Jews on demand and issued over 1,500 baptism certificates.<ref>
{{cite news | title = Tisíc pět set zachráněných životů – Schindler nebyl sám  | pages = 5  | language = Czech  | publisher = Denní Telegraf Praha  | date = 1995-06-27}}</ref>

==Villages helping Jews==

*Yaruga, [[Ukraine]]<ref>[http://www.zn.ua/3000/3150/23164/ ЯРУГА: СЕЛО-ПРАВЕДНИК. Борис ХАНДРОС | История | Человек]</ref>
*[[Le Chambon-sur-Lignon]], in the [[Haute-Loire]] [[department (administrative division)|département]] in [[France]], which saved up to 5,000 Jews.
*[[Markowa]], [[Poland]], where  17 Jews survived the war. Many families hid their Jewish neighbours there and some paid the ultimate price.
** [[Józef and Wiktoria Ulma]], their 6 children and unborn baby were shot dead by the Germans for hiding the Szall and Goldman families.
** Dorota and Antoni Szylar - hid seven members of Weltz family.
** Julia and Józef Bar - hid five members of Reisenbach family.
** Michal Bar - hid Jakub Lorbenfeld.
** Jan and Weronika Przybylak - hid Jakub Einhorn.
{{details|Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust|Polish villages helping Jews}}
*[[Tršice]], [[Czech Republic]], many people from this village helped hide a Jewish family, six of them were given the honorific of [[Righteous among the Nations]].
*[[Nieuwlande]], The [[Netherlands]] - during the war this small village contained 117 inhabitants. They unanimously decided in 1942 and 1943 that every household would give shelter to one Jewish household or individual during the war, thus making it impossible that anyone in the small village would betray their neighbours. Dozens of Jews were thus saved. All inhabitants have been honored by [[Yad Vashem]].
*[[Moissac]], [[France]] There was a Jewish boarding home and orphanage in this town.  When the mayor was told that the Nazis were coming the older students would go camping for several days, the younger students were boarded with families in the area and told to treat as members of their immediate family and the oldest students hid in the house. When it became too dangerous for the students to stay there any longer they made sure that every student had a safe place to go to.  If the students again had to move the counsellors from the boarding house arranged for a new place and even escorted them to the new housing.

==Others==
* The [[American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee]] - the Joint

== See also==
* [[British Hero of the Holocaust]]
* [[Righteous among the Nations]]
* [[List of Righteous among the Nations by country]]
* [[Żegota]] Council to Aid Jews in occupied [[Poland]]
* [[Shoes on the Danube Promenade]]
* [[Lars Ernster]] member of the Board of the [[Nobel Foundation]]
* [[Aristides de Sousa Mendes]]
* [[Chiune Sugihara]]
* [[Luis Martins de Souza Dantas]]
* [[Raoul Wallenberg]]
* [[Rescue of the Danish Jews]]
* [[Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust]]
* [[Witold Pilecki]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Holocaust, List Of Individuals And Groups Assisting Jews During The}}
[[Категория:Rescue of Jews in the Holocaust|*]]

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== Сноски ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Источники и ссылки ==
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individuals_and_groups_assisting_Jews_during_the_Holocaust Статья "Individuals and groups assisting Jews during the Holocaust" в английском разделе Википедии]
* [http://www.hearthasreasons.com The Heart Has Reasons: Holocaust Rescuers and Their Stories of Courage]
* [http://www.holocaustforgotten.com/rescuers.htm Stories of Honor and Courage During the Holocaust]
* [http://isurvived.org/TOC-II.html#Up Heroes and Heroines of the Holocaust]
* [http://www.hearthasreasons.com/bibliography.php Holocaust Rescuers Bibliography]
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20080110231526/www.savingjews.org Anna Poray, Saving Jews: Polish Righteous]
* [http://www.spacetime-sensor.de/wallenberg.htm Holocaust Memorial Budapest, testimony from the family Jakobovics in 1947]
* [http://www.raoul-wallenberg.asso.fr/raoul_wallenberg_arch/wallenberg_test/wallenberg_testi.html Witness: "Karoly Szabo played a determining role among Wallenberg’s supporters"]
* [http://jfr.convio.net/site/PageServer?pagename=sup_map The Jewish Foundation for the Righteous: Stories of Moral Courage]

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